腰背痛(low back pain ,LBP) 是一种职业相关性疾病,人群中LBP 发生率约85% ,[1]LBP 与肩、颈、臂及腿痛统称为肌肉骨骼疾患( musculoskeletal disorder ,MSD) ,其最基本的特点就是疼痛和运动功能障碍。[2-3] 随着科学技术的发展,职业病的构成发生了明显的变化,在许多国家LBP 已位于职业病的榜首,成为人群就诊、住院或手术的最常见病因。[1] 为此,美国国家安全与健康机构(NIOSH) 从1989 年起把MSD 列为研究和预防的重点。众多研究表明,护士是患LBP 的高危人群,[4-6]护士和辅助护士患LBP 的危险性是其他职业女性的2. 5 倍,[4]有10 %的护士每年因LBP 缺勤累计超过4 周。[7]LBP 作为影响护理人员健康和工作的一个严重的职业卫生问题,在欧美国家已受到广泛的重视。为引起我国广大护理人员的重视,本文就国外近年来护士职业性LBP 的研究概况作一个简要综述。 1 LBP 在护士人群中的分布 1. 1 LBP 的概念及其在护士人群中的发病情况 1. 2 护士职业性LBP 的分布特点 2 护士发生LBP 的危险因素分析 2. 1 个体因素 2. 2 职业因素 2. 2. 1 抬、搬病人 2. 2. 2 不良的工作姿势 2. 2. 3 体力负荷 2. 3 社会心理因素 2. 4 组织管理因素 3 LBP 的自然病程及其影响因素 4 LBP 的治疗与预防 4. 1 初级预防 总之,LBP 已是影响护士健康问题的一个严重问题,借鉴国外的经验对我国护士人群的LBP 的流行现况及危险因素进行研究,并依此制定适合我国国情的干预措施,减少国内护理人员LBP 发生,将具有重要的现实意义。 参 考 文 献 1 Gunnar B , Andersson J . Epidemiological features of chronic low - back pain. The lancet ,1999 , 354( 14) :581 - 585. 2 杨磊. 职业下背痛的病因学研究进展. 工业卫生与职业病,1993 ,19(3) :190 - 192. 3 金克峙. 职业性腰背痛的流行病学研究. 劳动医学,1993 ,16 (1) :53 - 54. 4 Johanning. E. 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